Zimbabwe : la « soif de terres » aux origines du mouvement des anciens combattants
Nancy Andrew
Wilbert Sadomba
In 2000 Zimbabwe witnessed a dramatic nationwide land
occupations movement led by veterans of the 1970s guerrilla war. The
dynamics, geographical breadth, politics as well as the position of the state
distinguished it qualitatively from preceding waves of land occupations.
The war veterans’ growing disappointment over land and conflicts with the
government they considered to have betrayed liberation objectives led to
direct confrontation and eventually an about-face by the Zimbabwean state,
also subject to tremendous international pressure to halt the controversial
fast-track land reform. Although the authorities increasingly latched onto
this land movement ‘from above’ after 2000, it nonetheless brought an end to
white control of large farms. Yet for war veterans and farm workers, many
questions remain as to the fairness of land distribution and the capacity of the
current framework to eliminate social inequalities in the countryside.
• Modestes redistributions des terres et montée du mécontentement social
• L’État pris en étau
— La revendication s’organise
— Polarisation sociale accrue et émergence d’une opposition politique
— Un tournant décisif
— Le processus constitutionnel
— Les occupations de 2000
• La réforme accélérée et ses implications
— Le basculement de la répartition des terres héritée de l’époque coloniale