Les politiques de retour à l’emploi aux États-Unis, en Grande-Bretagne et en France
Anne Daguerre
This article analyses the political origins of the second wave
of welfare reform includes policies designed and implemented in the early
2000s. The reforms investigated are the reform of the Minimum Insertion
Income (Revenu Minimum d’Insertion) in France (2003); the White House
‘Working Towards Independence’ proposal, which strengthens current
work requirements for welfare recipients in the USA (2002); and proposals
for getting people on Disability Benefits back into the labor force in Britain
(2002-2004). Despite their divergences, these reforms implement a stricter
conditionality regime for welfare recipients because governments have
become increasingly convinced about the need to reduce ‘joblessness’. Their
other point in common is that relatively tight welfare policy communities
composed of political appointees played a crucial role in the promotion of a
new workfare agenda in the early 2000s.
• L’aide aux familles nécessiteuses aux États-Unis
• Les politiques de retour à l’emploi en Grande-Bretagne
• L’émergence des politiques actives en France
• Les réformes de la seconde vague
— Aux États-Unis
— En Grande-Bretagne
— En France
• La convergence des réformes d’activation
— Une prise en charge paternaliste des bénéficiaires
— Des communautés de politique publique restreintes