S’emparer du pouvoir ou créer du pouvoir ?
Les héritages des régimes militaires dans la décentralisation en Argentine et au Brésil
Tulia G. Falleti
In the last quarter of the twentieth century, both Argentina
and Brazil decentralized their governments. Both countries also started this
process with similar institutions of intergovernmental relations and in the
context of military regimes. However, whereas the military in Argentina took
an administrative decentralization measure first (i.e. the transfer of primarylevel education from the central government to the provinces), the Brazilian
military began the process of decentralization with a political measure (the
reinstallation of the direct popular election of governors). The article shows
that different types of militarism, in particular the different ways in which the
military occupied the state apparatus and controlled the political system,
explain the occurrence of opposite initial steps in the decentralization process. Such different beginnings led ultimately to varying degrees of autonomy for governors and mayors. Thus, by the end of the century, Brazilian
governors and mayors had gained significantly more autonomy than their
counterparts in Argentina.
• L’évolution des relations intergouvernementales
• Les régimes militaires : s’emparer du pouvoir ou créer du pouvoir ?
• Argentine : la décentralisation administrative sous le régime militaire
• Brésil : la décentralisation sous le régime militaire