Critique internationale
Presses de Sc. Po.

I.S.B.N.9782724631579
192 pages

p. 69 à 86
doi: en cours

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Thema

n° 43 2009/2

Les défis de l'universalité : le gouvernement local de la protection sociale en Suède et en Norvège

Yohann Aucante
This article explores a relatively neglected yet very important dimension of the social-democratic regimes of Northern Europe and their recent transformations. While being often cast as examples of homogeneous welfare state systems, these regimes have actually relied on powerful local governments that have been responsible for the managing most social services. Since the late 1980s, there has been a great deal of experimentation aiming at granting more autonomy to the local levels and it has opened the door for increasing differentiation of social policies in countries otherwise accustomed to a universalist and egalitarian framework. From the cases of Sweden and Norway, the article discusses the transformation of local “welfare states” and shows that both countries responded differently to a set of common stimuli. In fact, if Sweden carried on and intensified local experimentation, mixing public and private solutions under various guises, Norway has seen a return of the state and further decentralization has been postponed. This research documents the changes that have taken place and stresses the importance of studying the complex modes of territorial social regulation.
• L’État social : universalisme et territorialité
— Le caractère central des principes d’universalité et d’égalité
— La géométrie variable du gouvernement et des territoires locaux
• La reconfiguration des services sociaux : territoires, responsabilités et organisation
— Expérimentation et réformes du gouvernement local
— Un « changement de système »  ?
— Suède et Norvège : trajectoires comparées


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