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Revue française de sociologie
Ophrys

I.S.B.N.9782708011779
156 pages

p. 129 à 156
doi: en cours

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Volume 48 2007/5

Discipline > Revue > Sommaire > Résumé

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The Issues Involved in Cloning: Sociology and Bioethics

Bertrand Pulman

Résumé de l'article

The law on bioethics passed by the French parliament in 2004 qualifies reproductive cloning as a “crime against the human species”, a clear indication of how threatened the social world feels by certain aspects of genetic engineering. This article analyses the many social issues involved in cloning. The field of bioethics constitutes a kind of open-air laboratory for anyone interested in studying norm formation processes in pluralist societies. Among other things it brings to light the intertwining of axiological or value-focused controversies and economic logic. After specifying what cloning is, the article reviews the stages through which the prospect of reproductive cloning as both reality and fantasy has become a focus of public debate. It then examines the main arguments for and against reproductive cloning, paying particular attention to arguments that refer to the danger cloning represents for the social tie (a blow to the principles of filiation, the resurgence of eugenics, etc.). Lastly, the article looks at the difficulties encountered when attempts are made to formulate a prohibition at the national and international levels. The conclusion seeks to demonstrate how certain biologists’ discourse on cloning represents a strong invitation for greater dialogue between the life sciences and sociology.

Plan de l'article

• From horticulture to biology

• Ethics debate and economic rationality

• From animals to humans

• Struggle against sterility or attack on human dignity ?

• Why prohibit ? In the name of what ?

— 1) Health risks for mother and child

— 2) The inviolability of sexual reproduction, an argument presented from several perspectives

— 3) Violating the principles of filiation

— 4) Instrumentalization

— 5) Stigmatization

• Sociology, bioethics and the status of the embryo

• RÉFÉRENCES

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