Variables, Mechanisms, and Simulations : Can the Three Methods Be Synthesized ?
A Critical Analysis of the Literature
Gianluca Manzo
This article offers a critical analysis of four contemporary sociological debates. Systematic analysis of the relevant literature suggests the existence of a project for reformulating
the methodological foundations of empirical quantitative sociology. This reconstruction
shows the emergence of the following idea: an alliance of variable analysis, mechanism
methodology, and simulation techniques would be of great help in resolving some of the
impasses that “standard” empirical quantitative sociology encounters. This thesis is then
tested for quantitative sociology of social stratification: where there are “irrefutable signs”
that the idea is becoming acceptable. Lastly, a link is established between these recent
debates and older, similar proposals for resolving the problem, and the question of why the
soundness of these proposals has only recently been recognized is examined.
• Three major problems with “variable analysis”
• Three possible types of integration
— The “language of variables” and the “language of action”
— The “language of variables” and the “language of mechanisms”
— The “language of variables” and simulation methods
• Recent developments in sociology of social stratification
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