Hérodote
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I.S.B.N.2707145165
204 pages
p. 150 à 163
doi: 10.3917/her.116.0150
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La Découverte
I.S.B.N.2707145165
204 pages
p. 150 à 163
doi: 10.3917/her.116.0150
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Veille sur l'auteur
Vous consultez
no 116 2005/1
Frères ennemis : l’armée et la nation en Inde et au Pakistan
Jean-Luc Racine
La nucléarisation de l’Inde et du Pakistan,
officialisée en 1998, a encore accru le poids
des structures de défense dans les deux
pays rivaux, qui ont connu quatre guerres
depuis leur création en 1947. Au-delà de la
disparité des forces conventionnelles, qui
avantage l’Inde, et de la recherche pakistanaise d’un équilibre fondé sur la dissuasion,
cet entretien met l’accent sur les rapports
entre armée et nation dans les deux pays.
L’armée pakistanaise est au cœur de l’appareil d’état pakistanais, et étend son pouvoir
bien au-delà des questions stratégiques.
L’armée indienne, au contraire, est aux ordres
du pouvoir civil. Mais toutes deux doivent
gérer les pluralités qui marquent leur nation
respective: castes, religions et appartenances ethniques en Inde, suprématie des
Punjabis et des Pachtounes au Pakistan.
Les rapports avec les États-Unis et la Chine,
le rôle des services spéciaux pakistanais, la
question terroriste et l’ambition maritime
indienne sont aussi abordés. Armée et
nation, à l’heure où changent les paradigmes du dernier quart de siècle, sont ainsi
au cœur de la géopolitique régionale.
Estranged Brothers.
Army and the Nation in India and Pakistan
The open nuclearisation of India and Pakistan, in 1998, has contributed strongly to further enhance the importance of defense forces in the two rival countries, which fought four wars since their independence in 1947. Beyond the disparities of conventional forces providing an edge to India, and Pakistan’s quest for strategic balance through nuclear deterrence, this paper gives emphasis to the relationship between army and the nation. The Pakistani army holds the key of the state structure, and enjoys power well beyond the strategic field. By contrast, the India forces serve the civilian power. In both countries, however, the army has to deal with the disparities which fashion their respective nation: castes, religions and ethnicity in India, the supremacy of Punjabis and Pashtuns in Pakistan. The relations with the United States and with China, the Inter Services Intelligence in Pakistan, the issue of terrorism, and the maritime ambition of India are also addressed. At a time when old paradigms are challenged on many fronts, the relationship between army and the nation plays therefore a noted role in regional geopolitics.
The open nuclearisation of India and Pakistan, in 1998, has contributed strongly to further enhance the importance of defense forces in the two rival countries, which fought four wars since their independence in 1947. Beyond the disparities of conventional forces providing an edge to India, and Pakistan’s quest for strategic balance through nuclear deterrence, this paper gives emphasis to the relationship between army and the nation. The Pakistani army holds the key of the state structure, and enjoys power well beyond the strategic field. By contrast, the India forces serve the civilian power. In both countries, however, the army has to deal with the disparities which fashion their respective nation: castes, religions and ethnicity in India, the supremacy of Punjabis and Pashtuns in Pakistan. The relations with the United States and with China, the Inter Services Intelligence in Pakistan, the issue of terrorism, and the maritime ambition of India are also addressed. At a time when old paradigms are challenged on many fronts, the relationship between army and the nation plays therefore a noted role in regional geopolitics.
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