• I. In what situations is there lay participation ?
• II. Composition of the court
• III. The role of the lay judges in the taking of evidence
• IV. Which factual and legal questions must the lay judges decide and how
are they formulated ?
— Jury cases
— Magistrates’ courts
• V. Deliberation and deciding questions of fact, law and guilt
• VI. The decision
— The jury’s verdict
— The magistrates’ decision
• VII. The appeal
— No appeal against an acquittal
— Statutory grounds of appeal
— Court of Appeal’s approach to appeals on the ground that the jury got it wrong
— Jury nullification as a ground of appeal
— Fresh evidence
— Retrials
— Harmless error
— How many appeals ?
• VIII. Circumventing the jurisdiction of the lay court
— Plea bargaining
• IX. Who are the lay judges and how are they selected ?
— The Jury
— Those ineligible, disqualified or excused
— Jury selection
— Participation of the parties in the selection of the jury
— Financial compensation for jurors
— Who serves on juries ?
• X. A brief history of lay participation in the criminal trial
— The jury :
• XI. Empirical studies of the effectiveness of lay participation in the country
• Summary of results
— The Crown Court Study
• XII. Criticism of lay participation
• XIII. Reform proposals
— The issues currently under discussion are :