• Introduction
• 2. General rules of the Criminal Trial
— 2.1. The adversary system
— 2.2. Role of the aggrieved person
— 2.3. The principle of oral proceedings
— 2.4. The principle of immediacy
— 2.5. The principle of hearing both sides of a case
— 2.6. The principle of free evaluation of the evidence
— 2.7. The duty of the courts to clarify the facts of the case
— 2.8. The institute of plea bargaining
• 3. Lay participation in the courts at first instance
— 3.1. Introduction
— 3.2. Rights of the lay judges
— 3.3. Role of the lay judges during the hearing
— 3.4. Deliberations on the questions of guilt and sentencing
— 3.5. The judgment
• 4. Lay participation in the Court of Appeal
— 4.1. Introduction
— 4.2. Limitations on the right to appeal
— 4.3. Non-participation of lay judges
— 4.4. Mixed courts
— 4.5. Jury trial
— Appeal to the Supreme Court
• 6. The selection of lay judges
— 6.1. Introduction
— 6.2. Nomination of prospective lay judges
— 6.3. Selection of lay judges for a specific trial
• 8. Criticism of lay participation and reform proposals
— 8.1. Introduction
— 8.2. The legal tradition as an independent argument
— 8.3. The value of professional and lay judge co-operation
— 8.4. The value of stated reasons for the verdict
— 8.5. Jury trials as more complicated, expensive and time consuming
— 8.6. The jury as a possible safeguard against unjustified convictions
— 8.7. Conclusion
• BIBLIOGRAPHY