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Revue internationale de droit pénal
érès

I.S.B.N.9782749207544
348 pages

p. 79 à 112
doi: en cours

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Vol. 78 2007/1-2

Discipline > Revue > Sommaire > Résumé

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Cooperation of law enforcement and intelligence agencies in prevention and suppression of terrorism

European perspective

Davor Derencinovic Ph. D. Anna-Maria Getos Ll.m.

Résumé de l'article

Cet article traite du changement de la coopération des organes d’exécution avec les services de renseignement suite aux évolutions du droit pénal consécutives à la lutte contre le terrorisme. Particulièrement, les auteurs analysent le rôle du renseignement en contre terrorisme, le rôle nouveau des organes d’exécution fondé sur le déplacement paradigmatique d’un droit pénal orienté vers le citoyen à un droit pénal orienté vers l’ennemi, et l’effet d’une telle modification sur la protection de la vie privée et de l’information dans le Conseil de l’Europe et dans l’Union européenne. Les auteurs concluent en affirmant la nécessité d’établir une agence européenne de renseignement qui prendrait en charge le renseignement contre-terrorisme et estiment que tout effort de lutte contre le terrorisme doit obéir aux normes reconnues des droits de l’Homme. Over the past decades the clear/classical distinction between prevention and repression shifted towards a more liberal and somewhat blurred interpretation in theory and practice, automatically affecting our understanding of the role intelligence and law enforcement communities play in this respect. Prevention in the sense of ensuring that a potential security threat does not develop into a real one, was meant to be the primary task of the intelligence community, whereas repression with its retributive and preventive (both special and general) task was ensured by the law enforcement community. As the perception of various security threats like organised crime, international terrorism, proliferation or drug trafficking changed through time, and due to the stiff administrative division and unsatisfactory cooperation between intelligence and law enforcement agencies, it was simply a matter of time until a turning point would be reached, where one should choose between the further evolution of uncoordinated intermingling and overlapping of law enforcement and intelligence or simply taking a few steps backward facing the strict distinction of the two, while ensuring transparent and coordinated cooperation. There are excellent arguments, both in favour and against each of these alternatives, leaving the final decision up to policymakers. Nevertheless, it seems unavoidable to open up a serious and overdue discussion on the above issue amongst experts in the security and counterterrorism field, for their findings will surely affect the whole decisionmaking process. Therefore this article aims at highlighting some of the major issues in the field of law enforcement and intelligence cooperation in response to terrorism from a European perspective. Recent developments towards creating an intelligence nucleus in the European Union’s Joint Situation Centre (SitCen) indicate the possibility of an evolving European intelligence agency, possibly an intelligence counterpart to Europol and Eurojust, finally completing the basic triangle for European counterterrorism. For this could mark the beginning of a new era in terms of European security cooperation in counterterrorism. But the key issues in focus concern not only the question of interagency cooperation and analyses of the changing approach in law enforcement and intelligence agencies in their counterterrorism efforts, but also human rights and civil liberties concerns, especially related to privacy and data protection in the Council of Europe and European Union. Because, as we shall see, the constant intermingling between law enforcement and intelligence under the influence of a changing approach in criminal law has opened certain possibilities to law enforcement in counterterrorism that were previously reserved exclusively for the intelligence community, without the slightest chance for their outputs to be ever used in criminal proceedings before court. The intermingling and its effects on human rights and civil liberties could prove to be a far greater threat to modern western society than any terrorist group could ever hope for, as it feeds on the very fundaments of liberal society from within. El artículo aborda la cara cambiante de la aplicación de la ley y la cooperación en materia de inteligencia a la luz de los problemas de Derecho penal surgidos con ocasión de la guerra contra el terrorismo. En particular, los autores analizan el papel de la inteligencia en la lucha contra el terrorismo, el nuevo papel asumido por la aplicación de ley basado en un cambio paradigmático de un Derecho penal orientado al ciudadano a un Derecho penal orientado al enemigo, y el efecto de tales cambios en la protección de la intimidad y de los datos en el Consejo de Europa y en la Unión Europea. Los autores concluyen subrayando la necesidad de una agencia de inteligencia europea encargada de la inteligencia contraterrorista y advierten de que cualquier esfuerzo dirigido a luchar contra el terrorismo a nivel europeo debe respetar los derechos humanos.

Plan de l'article

• 1. Introduction

• 2. The role of intelligence in counterterrorism – European perspective

• 3. Changing the face of law enforcement in countering terrorism – stepping into the shoes of intelligence ?

• 4. Cooperation between law enforcement and intelligence agencies in counterterrorism on the European level

• 5. How law enforcement and intelligence cooperation in countering terrorism affects privacy concerns and data protection in the Council of Europe and European Union

• 6. Conclusion

• References :

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