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no 21 2005/2


Discipline > Revue > Sommaire > Résumé
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Du matérialisme aléatoire (1986)

11 juillet 1986

Louis Althusser
Résumé de l'article
Dans ce texte de 1986, jusqu’ici inédit, Louis Althusser, prolongeant sa rupture envers la tradition du « matérialisme dialectique », mais aussi avec ses propres constructions philosophiques antérieures, élabore, dans des conditions psychiques particulièrement difficiles, ce qu’il présente à la fois comme une « philosophie nouvelle » et comme une pratique souterraine depuis toujours présente dans toute philosophie. In this yet unpublished text written in 1986, Louis Althusser pursues his break away from the tradition of “dialectical materialism”, as well as from his own previous philosophical constructs. In a particularly difficult mental situation, he sketches what he presents simultaneously as a “new philosophy” and as an underground practice always at work within any form of philosophy. By proposing the notion of aleatory materialism, or Marxism of encounter, Althusser had three goals in mind: to give Marxism, finally in crisis, its philosophy ;to identify this philosophy with an underground current starting with Epicure and Democritus ; to provide the means to introduce points of heresy from which the crisis would gain intelligibility. This article purports to show that this form of materialism consists less in a new philosophy than in an ontology and a logic of the « not-much », of the impoverishment of meaning and reason. The encounter is not a thesis on the materiality of the world, but on the conditions of thought of its very being :without origin, without purpose, without meaning, without necessity. By subscribing to such a thesis, one reintegrates within a reflection inhabited by emptiness, gap and difference, its outside, constituted by the singular practices of those who suffer and struggle in the emptiness and delinkage of the (capitalist) world.


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