Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique
De Boeck Université

I.S.B.N.2804142280
134 pages

p. 5 à 22
doi: en cours

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Tome XLII 2003/3

Qui a peur de l’élargissement ?

Thierry Vissol
A large majority (61%) of the citizens of the ten accession countries do support the entrance of their nation into the European Union, to be compared to a smaller majority (51%) among EU member countries. Such support somewhat hides many fears as expressed in the opinion polls or in the low turnout during the accession referenda. This article summarizes and challenges these fears. European history since World War II as well as the history of the previous enlargements to include rather poor countries demonstrate that on the economic and monetary side a rather rapid and successful catch-up process can be expected, helped by the structural reforms that were quickly and firmly introduced into the « Ten», monitored by the European Commission. On the political side, there is no evidence that the citizen and their governments would be less European than those of the « old» Europe. Nevertheless progress toward a political union may be rendered more difficult if coherent institutional reforms are not introduced within the EU. It may be that the main challenge of the EU will not be enlargement, but transatlantic relations. The American unilateralism, if pursued, would certainly require a rapid economic catch up of the « Ten», as well as their full participation in the Euro to strengthen the European voice in the world.Keywords : enlargement, economic and political fears, euro, Marshall Plan, cohesion funds, American hegemony.
• 1 AVANTAGES, DOUTES, INCERTITUDES ET MENACES
— (i) Les menaces économiques
— (ii) Les menaces politiques
— (iii) Les menaces géopolitiques
— (iv) Les menaces vues du côté des nouveaux adhérents
• 2 FAUT-IL AVOIR PEUR DU RELATIF SOUS-DÉVELOPPEMENT DES NOUVEAUX ADHÉRENTS ?
— (i) Du Plan Marshall à la Communauté économique européenne
— (ii) L’évolution des pays de la « cohésion »
— (iii) L’état de la gouvernance
• 3 LES FUTURS ÉTATS MEMBRES SONT-ILS MOINS EUROPÉENS ?
• 4. LES CRAINTES TRANSATLANTIQUES : VERS UN NOUVEAU MONDE BIPOLAIRE ?
• CONCLUSION
• RÉFÉRENCES


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